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0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>大约 2 分钟</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT2M"></span></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><div class="toc-header">此页内容</div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/doc/sysnotes/NestJs/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86.html#oop、fp、frp-编程" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">OOP、FP、FRP 编程</a></li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/doc/sysnotes/NestJs/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86.html#fp-和-oop" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">FP 和 OOP</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/doc/sysnotes/NestJs/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86.html#frp-函数式响应编程" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">FRP 函数式响应编程</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/doc/sysnotes/NestJs/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86.html#aop-aspect-oriented-programming-面向切面编程" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level2">AOP （Aspect Oriented Programming）面向切面编程</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></div></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><h1 id="扩展知识" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#扩展知识" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 扩展知识</h1><h2 id="oop、fp、frp-编程" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#oop、fp、frp-编程" aria-hidden="true">#</a> OOP、FP、FRP 编程</h2><ul><li>OOP 面向对象编程</li><li>FP 函数式编程</li><li>FRP 函数式响应编程</li></ul><p>不同的编程范式（范式：代码的风格&amp;方式）</p><h3 id="fp-和-oop" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fp-和-oop" aria-hidden="true">#</a> FP 和 OOP</h3><ul><li>FP(Functional Programming)</li><li>OOP(Object Oriented Programming)</li></ul><h4 id="函数式编程" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#函数式编程" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 函数式编程</h4><ul><li>固定的输入、输出，没有“副作用”（不会影响外界状态），相对独立。</li><li>引用透明，对 IDE 友好，易于理解。</li></ul><h4 id="面向对象编程" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#面向对象编程" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 面向对象编程</h4><ul><li>抽象事物，易于理解</li><li>封装（高内聚，低耦合）、继承（延续前者属性或方法）、多态（在同一组对象中相同的法或属性，相同调用方式不同用户调用，返回值不同）</li></ul><h3 id="frp-函数式响应编程" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#frp-函数式响应编程" aria-hidden="true">#</a> FRP 函数式响应编程</h3><ul><li>适合需要对事件流进行复杂组合应用的场景</li><li>多应用在异步场景</li></ul><h2 id="aop-aspect-oriented-programming-面向切面编程" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#aop-aspect-oriented-programming-面向切面编程" aria-hidden="true">#</a> AOP （Aspect Oriented Programming）面向切面编程</h2><p>在不破坏原有功能的状态下，扩展其他功能</p><ul><li>扩展功能方便，不影响业务之间的逻辑</li><li>逻辑集中管理</li><li>更有利于代码复用</li></ul><h1 id="ioc、di" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ioc、di" aria-hidden="true">#</a> IoC、DI</h1><ul><li>IoC (Inversion Of Control) 控制反转</li><li>DI (Dependency Injection) 依赖注入</li></ul><p>IoC 是一种设计模式，DI 是 IoC 的一种实现。</p><p>将两个或者多个类的强依赖关系解耦。</p><p><strong>控制反转</strong>（IoC）是一种面向对象编程中的一种设计原则，用来减低计算机代码之间的耦合度。基本思想是：借助“第三方”实现就有依赖关系的对象之间的解耦。</p><p><strong>依赖注入</strong>（DI）是一种用于实现 IoC 的设计模式，允许在类外创建依赖对象，并通过不同的地方将这些对象<strong>提供给类</strong>。</p><h1 id="mvc、dto、dao" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mvc、dto、dao" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MVC、DTO、DAO</h1><ul><li>MVC (Module View Controller) 软件架构模式</li><li>DTO (Data Transfer Object) 数据传输对象</li><li>DAO (Data Access Object) 数据访问对象</li></ul><h1 id="多环境配置-dotenv、config" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#多环境配置-dotenv、config" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 多环境配置 dotenv、config</h1></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item update-time"><span class="label">上次编辑于: </span><!----></div><!----></footer><nav class="page-nav"><a 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